Expanded Insights into the Financial Derivative Markets & Product Dynamics

Programme description & objectives

Programme description & objectives The significance of a vibrant, effective, and efficient derivatives market in the present tumultuous environment cannot be overemphasized. Specifically, the Nigerian financial/monetary environment is presently being buffeted and impacted by the whirlwind of the global exchange rate regimes. The prevailing financial crisis, therefore, demands increased strategic measures in not only how the futures and derivatives markets are regulated, but in the market structure for the trading and clearing of derivative instruments, and in how they are priced. The agenda of this course will offer delegates a thorough and practical understanding of currency option pricing and risks and will explain how options can be used in directional and non-directional strategies, together with their dynamic hedging implications. The program will also focus on analysing, structuring and decomposing hedging, trading and investment strategies utilising both vanilla and exotic options. Delegates will construct and examine a wide variety of directional and non-directional strategies, formulate strategies to meet client exposure management and other objectives, and decompose a range of structured option strategies into their component parts. The impact of changing market conditions on the pricing and performance of these strategies will also be examined. Furthermore, our experienced facilitators would place emphasis on the dynamic interaction between option price determinants, the impact on portfolio risk of higher order risk properties of vanilla and exotic options (Vanna, Volga) and their pricing and risk management. Delegates would also be taken through higher order volatility risks and their management within the portfolios of vanilla and exotic option types. Finally, the program would focus on exotic options and a range of the more commonly executed structured FX products as well as their pricing and risk characteristics, in order to understand the motivations and rationale for their usage in a variety of different hedging and trading applications.

Venues, Dates & Cost

VenuesDublinLondonDubaiEdmonton (CAN)Lagos/Abuja
DatesTBDTBDTBDTBDTBD
Cost$4,000 per participant (USD)(=N=)

For Whom

  • Monetary regulatory staff of Central Banks
  • Chief Risk Officers and Heads of Risk Management
  • Market, credit and operational risk specialists
  • Regulators, auditors and supervisors
  • Forex Managers in Commercial Banks
  • Hedge Funds Executives
  • Financial Engineers

Snapshot of Course Content

The Regulatory Environment

  • The reasoning behind regulators’ responses to the crisis
  • Regulatory responses to the crisis
  • Recent developments in the Nigerian economy
  • Current market developments
  • Current challenges facing the market

Introduction to Derivative Instruments and Markets

  • Evolution and development of the derivatives markets
  • Derivatives defined: characteristics of derivative instruments
  • The range and diversity of the derivatives markets
  • Linear and non-linear derivatives
  • Outright (forwards, futures and swaps) and option derivatives
  • Over-the-counter vs exchange traded derivatives
  • OTC derivatives documentation and legal issues
  • Applications of derivatives: risk transfer
  • An overview of applications in trading, hedging and arbitrage
  • Benefits and shortcomings of derivatives

Derivatives: Forward and Futures Markets

  • Forward contracts – Definitions and nomenclature
  • Market practices – Generic characteristics of forward contracts
  • Pricing principles of forward/futures contracts
  • Arbitrage-free pricing
  • Backwardations and the breakdown of arbitrage free valuation
  • Credit risk exposure and forward contracts
  • Futures contracts
  • The mechanics of futures contracts and futures markets
  • The role of the clearing house
  • Margining: definition and operation
  • Credit risk and futures contracts
  • Applications of futures in trading and hedging; managing basis risk
  • CASE STUDY 1: Pricing and valuation of Forward Rate Agreements (FRAs) – Application to exposure management

Swaps Markets

  • Evolution and development of the swaps market
  • Swaps market dynamics
  • Swaps market participants and roles
  • Business drivers – applications of swaps to trading, portfolio risk management and funding
  • Generic characteristics of swap contracts – Interest rate, currency & basis swaps
  • Equity swaps
  • Swaps documentation and legal issues
  • Termination, assignment by novation
  • Netting agreements
  • Legal enforceability of netting arrangements

Interest Rate and Currency Swaps

  • Generic swap structures
  • Par interest rate swaps
  • Basis swaps
  • Generic and non-generic swaps – a classification of types
  • Cross-currency swaps
  • Swaps market conventions and practices
  • Nomenclature, terminology and market quotation conventions
  • Interest rate accrual and payment conventions
  • Stub interest calculation periods (long/short)
  • Off-market contract terms and margins
  • Pricing and Valuation of Interest Rate and Currency Swaps
  • Basic foundations of swap valuation – nil value of par swaps
  • Discounted cash flow (DCF) methodology
  • Pricing and Valuation techniques
  • Funding, Risk Management and Trading Applications

Non-Linear Derivatives

  • Option characteristics, terminology and market conventions
  • Global option markets
  • Exchange traded and OTC option markets
  • FX options; interest rate options; equity options; equity index options; warrants
  • Understanding Option Valuation – Option Pricing Models
  • Option pricing models
  • Monte Carlo Methods
  • Volatility in option valuation
  • Time value: impact on option values
  • Volatility Estimation
  • Volatility smiles and skews

Option Risks

  • Dynamic risk characteristics of options
  • The Greeks (Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho and Phi risks)
  • Interpretation of Delta – cash equivalent risk representation
  • Delta hedging Market impact of Delta hedging
  • Why Delta hedge – a brief overview of volatility risks (Gamma, Vega)
  • Time decay
  • Carry related risks (Rho, Phi)

Interest Rate and FX linked Structured Products

  • Forward Foreign Exchange
  • Outrights and FX swaps
  • Pricing using interest rate differentials
  • Quotation conventions
  • Calculating outright forward FX rates
  • Cross rate forwards
  • Determination of synthetic interest rates using forwards
  • Applications of forward FX in hedging transaction and translation exposure
  • Non-deliverable forwards (NDFs)
  • Uses and benefits of NDFs

Currency Options

  • Market conventions, terminology, price quotation basis
  • Puts, Calls; European, American styles
  • Hybrid structures: Collars, Range forwards, Participating Forwards, Knock-In Forwards
  • Hedging transaction and economic exposure using FX forwards and options
  • Applications to currency exposure management

Exotics

  • Barrier options (Knock-in, knock-out, reverse, double knock-out structures)
  • Digital options – Average rate options
  • Currency Linked Structured Products
  • CASE STUDY 2: Evaluation of currency exposure hedging strategies; Pricing of FX linked range accrual note structure.

Overview of risk management of derivatives

  • Risk Measurement Tools
  • Historical simulation
  • Scenario analysis
  • Variance, covariance and correlation
  • Monte Carlo simulation
  • RAPM
  • VaR
  • Duration and convexity
  • Risk parameters – the Greeks
  • Yield curve modelling
  • Stress testing
  • Other tools
  • Measuring the risks of derivatives used in financial risk management
  • The Greeks
  • Delta and Gamma
  • Gamma, Theta and Rho
  • Value at risk for derivatives
  • Options
  • Futures
  • Swaps
  • Other structures
  • Measuring credit risk of derivatives
  • Examples, exercises and cases

Managing Credit Risk

  • Traditional techniques
  • Securitization and risk transfer
  • Regulatory capital, Basel II and AIRB
  • Measuring performance and ROC
  • Managing the risk of derivatives
  • Managing the Greeks
  • Delta hedging
  • Gamma hedging
  • Vega hedging
  • Managing swaps
  • Micro hedging
  • Macro hedging
  • Using credit derivatives
  • Taxonomy of credit derivatives
  • Managing risks with credit swaps, total return swaps, credit spread options
  • Examples, exercises and cases
  • Identifying the Essential Criteria for Implementing Risk Management Controls and Procedures
  • Identifying and solving communication breakdown between front and back office to maximize risk control
  • CASE STUDY 3: Highlighting possible solutions by assessing what others have successfully done

Money market securities, foreign exchange and settlement

  • Cash instruments and markets
  • Treasury bills
  • Commercial paper
  • Money market funds
  • Foreign exchange instruments and markets
  • FX Forwards
  • FX Futures
  • Currency swaps
  • Macro-economic drivers of global capital flows
  • FX in emerging markets
  • Exotic currencies
  • Interest rate parity and pricing of forwards

Recommendations and strategies for increased efficiency

  • Derivatives trading, investment and hedging strategies
  • Derivatives users
  • Roles of hedgers – speculators
  • Arbitrageurs
  • Usage of derivatives by banks to hedge credit and market risk
  • Trading book versus banking book
  • Treatment of derivatives under Basel III
  • Principles of hedging with futures – swaps and options
  • Delta and gamma
  • Volatility
  • Hedge ratio calculation for equity and bond futures
  • Futures spread trading – intra-market spreads and inter-market
  • Option strategies
  • Long and short straddles
  • Strangles
  • Bull and bear spreads
  • Motivations for strategies
  • Risk/reward payoff diagrams
  • CASE STUDY: Examination of role of derivatives in financial crisis of 2007/8 – Systemic risk and correlation issues